![]() The core of the brand anatomy is formed by the essence the brand personality to differentiate the brand within the market. ![]() To understand the interdependencies of the mentioned individual brand elements Arnold categorize the elements into three groups, as displayed in figure 10. The above six general criteria for brand elements, so called visual identity code, reduce the risk of diluting or weakening the brand and form a guideline for a consistent brand performance (Kotler & Pfoertsch, 2006:92). Generally more useful for non product related imagery and brand personalityĬan convey almost any type of association explicitly Generally more useful for brand recognitionĬan reinforce almost any type of association, although sometimes only indirect Critique of brand element options (Keller, 2006:178)Ĭan be chosen to enhance brand recall and recognition The main brand elements have been categorized by Keller in five groups, see table 1 (Keller, 2006:140-178). To balance the most important elements across the six general criteria Keller has set a table of brand options and tactics. Protectability is the last defensive criteria and considers the legal and unauthorized competitive infringements of the brand. Secondly brand elements need to be adaptable and flexible in time to remain relevant. On the defensive side, to maintain brand equity, brand elements should be transferable in such a way that they can cover more then one product, product line, market segments, geographic boundaries, markets and cultures. Last offensive criteria, likability, reflect aesthetical appealing like the brand style and brand themes (Keller, 2006:140-178). This could even reflect brand personality. It is the specific information about particular key attributes and benefits of the brand. Persuasive in this context means a determinant of brand image and positioning. Hence, the descriptive dimension is a determinant of brand awareness and salience. Descriptive meaning is the customer able to identify the right product category and is the brand element credible in this product category. ![]() Secondly brand elements need to be meaningful to convey the descriptive or persuasive content. On the offensive side, to built brand equity, brand elements should be memorable and distinctive, easy to recognize and easy to recall: the sticky factor. Key to brand equity is the mixture and balance between the different elements in their verbal and visual context to maximize their collective contribution (Keller, 2006:178): ![]() ![]() Each brand element will have its own strength and weakness. Next to that Keller distinguishes six general criteria for brand elements, segregated in two groups in which the elements play an offensive or defensive role. Keller completes these four key elements as captured by the visual code with a set of additional trademarkable devices URL’s, symbols, characters, spokes people, packages and signage. The visual identity reflects the core brand identity code and should be managed by strict visual code guidelines for long term consistency without jeopardizing brand identity deviation (Kotler & Pfoertsch, 2006:92). Conventional brand elements form the visual identity of a brand, a logo, a name, a slogan and brand stories can be addressed as the key elements. Brand elements and brand identity are often used next to each other to identify the brand, to enhance brand awareness and to facilitate unique brand associations which ultimately should differentiate the brand (Keller, 2006:140). ![]()
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These services include career assessments, occupational information, goal setting, planning and employment resources. You must be willing to provide the results of a criminal background check prior to field placement or employment in the classroom.įor more info on Career Switchers, please contact the NOVA adviser for Career Switchers, Dr.In accordance with the College Catalog, Career Services assist students with exploring, developing and setting goals related to each student's unique educational and academic needs.With passing scores on Praxis II you can become endorsed in any content area without further coursework. The VCLA assesses reading and writing proficiency PRAXIS II is the content specialty exam. ![]() You must have successfully completed the Virginia Communication and Literacy Assessment (VCLA) and Praxis II assessments at prescribed levels.Your work history will be evaluated in terms of your experience, maturity, professional background, or an ability to apply your career experiences in the classroom. You must have a minimum of three years of professional work experience or its equivalent in addition to your degree.You should have a GPA of 2.5 or higher in your undergraduate coursework.You must have earned a minimum of a bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited institution.Middle School (6-8) English/Language Arts.The Virginia Community College System provides the opportunity to earn teacher licensure in the following endorsement areas: After one successful year of teaching, students will become fully licensed. From a comprehensive health and dental insurance program, generous paid annual, sick and personal leave policies, deferred compensation plans, flexible spending accounts, family medical leave, paid parental leave. At the end of Level One, students are issued a one-year Eligibility License, and will enter Level Two when they obtain a teaching position. As part of their total compensation, NOVA offers a variety of benefits to eligible faculty and staff, their dependents, and retirees. Richard Moya was unemployed and studying part time at Northern Virginia Community College before he found Training. Level One is a 18-week hybrid program that consists of seven Saturday sessions at NOVA's Annandale, Manassas, and Woodbridge campuses, and the remainder of the coursework online through the use of Canvas. The Career Switcher Program was designed to meet the needs of individuals who may need to continue working while completing the necessary coursework to become endorsed. The student, working directly with a NOVA Teacher Education Specialization advisor/counselor, should complete a transfer letter of agreement. Students may want to take the Praxis CORE math exam after completing 9-12 hours of mathematics. Students are strongly encouraged to take the VCLA exam shortly after completing their 200-level English course. for medical positions with UVA Health Northern Virginia & Culpeper. ![]() Some of these universities will guarantee admission to graduates of this program who have a cumulative GPA of at least 2.5, earn at least a 'C' in all English courses. Careers at the University of Virginia and UVA Health reflect a wide breadth of. Candidates applying for Police Officer had the quickest hiring process (on average 1 day), whereas Faculty roles had the slowest hiring process (on average 180 days). In addition, this degree program includes many of the required endorsement courses for licensure in middle school (any subject) and high school history and social sciences. The hiring process at Northern Virginia Community College takes an average of 44.63 days when considering 47 user submitted interviews across all job titles. This degree program is designed to help students earn all of the required endorsement course hours for a teaching license in elementary education for the state of Virginia. It is specifically designed for students who plan to seek endorsement and licensure as teachers in PK-3, PK-6, middle school, or special education. This curriculum prepares students to transfer to a four-year college or university teacher preparation program. ![]() ![]() This date has long been taken to be the beginning of the Vikings’ permanent settlement in Ireland. It must have been a very violent time.”īy 841, Vikings had established a year-round settlement around a timber-and-earthen fort known as a longphort at the confluence of the Liffey and Poddle Rivers, in the heart of modern Dublin. “Considering the weapons buried with these guys, and all the Viking cemeteries discovered in Dublin, I don’t think the Annals were exaggerating. “They came, they saw the lay of the land, and then came the catastrophic invasions described in the Annals,” Simpson says. Within weeks, the Annals say, the Vikings had won a battle “in which an uncounted number were slaughtered.” Recent excavations in Ireland tend to confirm the account the texts depict. Another entry records the arrival of a flotilla of 60 Viking ships in 837 at the mouth of the Boyne River, 30 miles north of Dublin. One entry, from 798, says the pagan invaders stole cattle tribute from chieftains, burned their churches, and “made great incursions in Ireland and also Alba ,” painting a picture of widespread chaos and destruction. The Annals describe hordes of Vikings plundering the landscape and battling the feuding warlords who ruled Ireland. Early medieval texts refer to the Vikings as simply “the heathens,” stressing the religious, rather than ethnic, differences between them and the Irish. At the time, Ireland had been Christian for at least three centuries, and its monasteries were its wealthiest and most powerful institutions. In 795 they reached Ireland with an attack on Rathlin Island, where the monastery was “burned by the heathens,” according to the Annals of Ulster, the longest and most detailed of the medieval texts that historians have relied on to chronicle the period. Population pressures at home, a thirst for wealth and adventure, and improvements in boat-building techniques all propelled the Vikings out of their chilly realm in search of conquest. 793, the day when seaborne Scandinavian raiders appeared on the horizon and attacked a monastery on the island of Lindisfarne, off the east coast of England. The beginning of the Viking era in Britain was long thought to have been June 8, A.D. They were already trading before those raids happened.” “How did the Vikings know where all those monasteries were? It’s because there was already contact. “Most researchers accept now that the raids were not the first contact, as the old texts suggest,” says Gareth Williams, curator of medieval coinage and a Viking expert at the British Museum. The monks were devastated by the attacks on their homes and institutions, and other contemporaneous events may not have been recorded because there was no one literate available to do so. Scholars are continuing to examine these texts, but are also considering the limitations of using them to understand the historical record. And, further, that those trading contacts may have occurred generations before the violent raids described in contemporary texts, works written by monks in isolated monasteries-often the only places where literate people lived-which were especially targeted by Viking raiders for their food and treasures. Simpson’s findings are now adding new weight to an idea gaining growing acceptance-that, instead of a sudden, cataclysmic invasion, the arrival of the Vikings in Ireland and Britain began, rather, with small-scale settlements and trade links that connected Ireland with northern European commerce for the first time. The tests, performed at Beta Analytic in Miami, Florida, and at Queen’s University in Belfast, showed that the men had been buried in Irish soil years, or even decades, before the accepted date for the establishment of the first year-round Viking settlement in Dublin-and perhaps even before the first known Viking raid on the island took place. Yet when excavation leader Linzi Simpson of Dublin’s Trinity College sent the remains for carbon dating to determine their age, the results were “quite surprising,” she says. All have been dated to the ninth or tenth centuries on the basis of artifacts that accompanied them, and the South Great George’s Street burials seemed to be four more examples. At least 77 Viking burials have been discovered across Dublin since the late 1700s, some accidentally by ditch diggers, others by archaeologists working on building sites. When Irish archaeologists working under Dublin’s South Great George’s Street just over a decade ago excavated the remains of four young men buried with fragments of Viking shields, daggers, and personal ornaments, the discovery appeared to be simply more evidence of the Viking presence in Ireland. ![]() ![]() ![]() My engine also had a closed cooling system, and it would "puke out" roughly a gallon and a half of coolant when I was getting boost under load. Short answer: yes, it happened to me (not sure if it was the cooler - happened shortly before I got a worn-out engine replaced, the cooler was the likeliest suspect, and was replaced as part of the engine). So they instead just used an off-the-shelf expansion tank same as other FWD VAG products used, with a special Vanagon-only vented cap that went over to the extra overflow tank. * Warning: useless bit of Volkswagen trivia: in case you were wondering, the reason why Vanagons DO have an overflow bottle alongside their expansion tank is because the Vanagon's cooling system is so HUGE with so much volume that they would need an expansion tank twice the size. ![]() Not like the vent on a cap on most other cars that allows the pressure to bleed off through a small hose to an overflow bottle when the engine gets hot, and then allows it to be sucked back into the engine from the bottle after the engine cools off. The "vent" on the bottle is just there if the pressure should get TOO high, as a safety valve. That is why the expansion tanks are never supposed to be totally full, they need some air at the top for expansion and contraction. ![]() Regarding the pressure in the cooling system, with the exception of water cooled Vanagons*, water cooled Volkswagens have a closed cooling system, there is no overflow tank that is vented to atmosphere. What "problem" are you having (or think you are having) that prompts this question? There is no "pressure" in the exhaust of the EGR cooler that would overcome the pressure in the cooling system, just enough pressure to overcome any positive pressure in the intake manifold. The only way I have ever seen an EGR cooler fail is it blew coolant into the intake and it did so pretty suddenly and pretty bad, like a Batman smoke screen bad. ![]() ![]() ![]() We employ ASE certified technicians and all of our service work is guaranteed for a minimum of 6,000 miles or six months at over 21,000 locations throughout the United States. 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DiskWarrior 3 was a vast improvement on version 2.1 for rebuilding OS X disk directories (although version 2.1 was plenty quick on Classic drives’ directories - I just ran it on my wife’s WallStreet PowerBook last week), but version 4 streamlines the process even more, also eliminating the inconvenient necessity of entering an administrator password at mid-point in the rebuild process - an annoyance introduced with DiskWarrior 3. ![]() The difference you will notice the most with version 4 is speed. If your Mac is running Mac OS 9.2.2 or earlier, DiskWarrior 2.1 is still available for purchase directly from Alsoft. Unfortunately, DiskWarrior 2.1 is no longer bundled on the DiskWarrior 4 CD, as it was up to and including DW 3.0.3. There are other refinements and improvements that make version 4 a desirable upgrade even if you’re still happily running a Power PC Mac. However, DW4 is more than just a MacIntel compatibility upgrade of DW3. DiskWarrior 4 is the first Universal Binary version of this software. The reason, of course, is Apple’s switch to Intel processors. Consequently, the release of DiskWarrior 4 only a couple of years after version 3 came on the scene is an extraordinarily fast upgrade turnaround for this product. The OS X native version 3 didn’t debut until 2004 (happily, DiskWarrior 2.1 worked just fine on OS X desks, albeit agonizingly slowly, until Apple terminated Classic bootability and directory format changes in OS 10.4 Tiger rendered DiskWarrior 2, and indeed the early versions of DiskWarrior 3 obsolete). ![]() The original DiskWarrior for Mac OS Classic, first introduced in 1998, only ever made it to version 2.1. Is your ‘Book ailing? 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The plot pace was, if anything, a bit slow for fans of constant fast action I suppose, which isn't great but I did feel it was a light, easy watch, so it wasn't horrendous either I guess. There have been a lot of similar films both before and after this one came out and this one didn't seem to stand head over heels over others. The cast were about average overall I'd say, there's nothing much worth mentioning about the performances, as far as I can think. Other cast cast members include, as I say, Bruce Payne as the atypical English villian Charles Rane and Tom Sizemore as Sly Delvecchio, with Bruce Greenwood playing Stuart Ramsey and Elizabeth Hurley also appears, playing Sabrina Ritchie. He gives a decent performance, although its not particularly memorable but its alright. Cast wise, Wesley Snipes plays John Cutter. ![]() The dialogue and plot are fairly predictable but it was still reasonably entertaining regardless. I also noticed some flirting between airport employees and the main character, John Cutter, which seemed quite cheesy and outdated to me. The film did look, visually, quite dated but then I suppose thats to be expected, given its from 1992. I wouldn't recommend this be watched if your at all bothered by stereotypes and cliches, put it that way!. I didn't find it at all hard to figure out who the assigned 'bad guys' were, what with the 'doo doo, dum dum' type of background music, or perhaps more specifically noises, appearing at certain times - it was cheesily obvious if anything. The music featured sounded very typical for the early 1990s, a mix of cheesy instrumentals, mostly drum and sax based during scenes with the main character, and some more sombre pieces during more frenetic scenes, of course. Quite why Hollywood seems to have this preference for British villains I don't know but there you go. I found myself shaking my head when I realised that it was an English actor playing the villain (Bruce Payne, who plays Charles Rane) - a somewhat deranged one at that. Its a pretty run of the mill action film, with Wesley Snipes playing the atypical sharp and sneaky professional willing to do whatever it takes to try to save the plane. I found myself This is a crime/action film, which features themes including hijackers, terrorism, the FBI and machismo. This is a crime/action film, which features themes including hijackers, terrorism, the FBI and machismo. ![]() ![]() ![]() Warning lights on a car’s computer must be checked and trouble codes scanned to pinpoint the source of the problem. The check engine light can come on for a number of causes, one of which being a broken timing chain. If your engine won’t start or starts driving erratically, it’s time to take it to a trained mechanic for an inspection and repairs. If the belt has become loose, it might flail around and cause harm to other sections of the engine. The valves will bend, perhaps destroying the engine. The pistons will be damaged by contact with the valves if it breaks or leaps while driving. If the belt is already broken, the engine will not start due to a lack of compression. It’s critical to have a mechanic or technician assess the problem as soon as possible and perform the necessary repairs.Īn engine with a broken timing chain will not start or will fail while driving. Metal shavings are also prevalent when cylinder head valves, keepers, retainers, and other cylinder head components are worn out. When you get your oil changed and the mechanic tells you that there were small pieces of metal in the oil as it drained or in the filter, it’s a sign that your timing chain is failing. Small metal pieces can break off the timing chain and find their way into the oil pan if it begins to wear down. As oil heats up and is exposed to natural solvents inherent in gasoline, it begins to separate. The loose metal moving about inside the motor if the timing chain breaks might cause catastrophic engine damage.Įvery 3,000 to 5,000 miles, all automobile manufacturers recommend changing the engine oil and filter. If this happens, the timing chain is most likely destroyed and needs to be changed as quickly as possible. It’s also possible that the engine will operate badly and lack accelerating power. ![]() This causes the engine’s timing to become out of whack, resulting in a misfire. The timing chain can stretch with time, causing the chain to skip a gear on the camshaft or crankshaft. Consumer automobiles with high-performance engines are more likely to use the timing chain approach. This is the method employed in the majority of heavy machinery and large trucks. The first is the two-gear technique, which involves a direct connection between the crankshaft and camshaft gears. ![]() In a combustion engine, valve timing can be achieved in two ways. Read also: Timing Chain Tensioner: What You Need To Know What Are The Symptoms Of a Bad Timing Chain? Unless there is an issue with the timing chain, it does not need to be replaced. It’ll set you back a few hundred dollars to fix it. Depending on the vehicle, a timing belt should be replaced between 40,000 and 100,000 kilometers. Because it needs to be lubricated by engine oil, a timing chain runs inside the engine. A timing chain, like a bicycle chain, is comprised of metal. We all know that an automobile engine’s timing belt needs to be replaced at regular intervals, but what about the timing chain? What’s the difference between a chain and a timing belt? A timing belt is a toothed rubber belt that travels outside of the engine and is protected by a protective cover. In this article, we are going to consider some of the symptoms of a bad timing chain plus many other information you need to know about timing chain. The timing chain is made up of numerous links that travel smoothly across gears, but because it plays such a dynamic function in the motor, it is prone to wear and tear and can cause issues. The camshaft and crankshaft are synchronized to open and close the valves while preventing the pistons from hitting the valves. The timing chain, or timing belt in some motors, is in charge of synchronizing the opening and closing of valves in an internal combustion engine. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (0/1) I Love Upskirtįree upskirt movies and pics (0/1) Hidden camera porn Candid upskirt, public upskirt, voyeur upskirt, hidden upskirt in our street. Pulbic upskirt pics and movies for real upskirt fans. Spy upskirt footage that captures the real thing. Public voyeur sites! (0/1) Hidden Cam Upskirt Outdoor voyeur sites! 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